Figures may not add to total due to random rounding.

Respondents answered questions about place of work and commute according to their workplace as of the reference week, May 1st to 7th, 2011. For those who were not working during the reference week but who worked at some time during the period of January 1st, 2010 - May 1st, 2011, their responses relate to the longest job held during that time.

Gender breakdown is unavailable for some variables in certain areas due to data quality concerns.

The global non-response rate (GNR) is a weighted measure of survey non-response, calculated based on the number of households that did not respond to the survey and the number of questions that respondents left out. The GNR can be used as an indicator of data quality, with lower values indicating more accurate data. Geographies with a GNR of higher than 50% were suppressed by Statistics Canada due to concerns about data accuracy. If a geography has a GNR of 0, it means that there was a response from all households surveyed, not necessarily that the data is representative of all households in the geography.

^a Respondents with 'no fixed working address' are those who work at a different location each day. This might include truck drivers, building contractors and traveling sales people.

^b This variable includes respondents who report to the same workplace at the beginning of each shift.

^c Questions regarding method and duration of transportation and time leaving for work were not asked to respondents who worked from home or worked outside Canada.

^d This section is not available for areas that cannot be defined by postal code.

^e Data is not available in 2016.

National Household Survey (NHS)

The National Household Survey is the replacement for Statistics Canada's long form census. The survey was given to about 4.5 million households in Canada (about 30% of households), and asked questions regarding Aboriginal peoples, immigration, ethnocultural diversity, education, labour, mobility, migration, income and housing. 

Unlike the former long form census survey the NHS is not mandatory, which could result in non-response bias being introduced into the survey.Statistics Canada has employed several techniques to minimize this bias, but it should still be taken into account when interpreting this data.

Non-Response Bias

Non-response bias occours when those who respond to a survey have a different set of characteristics than those who do not respond. For example, if those with lower education levels are less likely to fill out the census form, it may artificially inflate the education level of the population.

Global Non-Response Rate

The global non-response rate (GNR) is a weighted measure of survey non-response, calculated based on the number of households that did not respond to the survey and the number of questions that respondents left out. The GNR can be used as an indicator of data quality, with lower values indicating more accurate data. 

Geographies with a GNR of higher than 50% were suppressed by Statistics Canada due to concerns about data accuracy. If a geography has a GNR of 0, it means that there was a response from all households surveyed, not necessarily that the data is representative of all households in the geography.

NHS Suppression Standards

• Suppress all data for a community if the Global non-reponse rate is greater than 50%.
• Suppress income data if the population of the area is less than 250, or if there are less than 40 private households.
• Cell values greater than 10 are randomly rounded to a multiple of 5. Values less than 10 are rounded to either 0 or 10.
• Some data may have been suppressed due to data quality or privacy concerns.

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